Steindachner’s Ebony Tarantula

Aphonopelma steindachneri Care Guide

Steindachner’s Ebony Tarantula

Introduction

Aphonopelma steindachneri, commonly known as Steindachner’s Ebony Tarantula, is a New World terrestrial species native to California and Baja California, Mexico. This species is widely distributed throughout the Southern California Coastal Ranges and has even been observed in urban areas like Los Angeles and San Diego. While slow-growing like most Aphonopelma species, it makes up for it with a calm demeanor, a striking dark appearance, and a long lifespan.

This species was once thought to be distinct from Aphonopelma phanum and Aphonopelma reversum, but recent morphological and molecular research confirmed that these two names are junior synonyms of A. steindachneri. This means that all three names referred to the same species, and only Aphonopelma steindachneri is now valid.

With its velvety black or deep brown coloration, this tarantula is often compared to the Brazilian Black (Grammostola pulchra) due to its dark, uniform appearance. However, A. steindachneri is even slower-growing and more reclusive, making it a fantastic long-term display tarantula for keepers who appreciate patience and subtle beauty.

Quick Species Snapshot

• Scientific Name: Aphonopelma steindachneri

• Common Name: Steindachner’s Ebony Tarantula

• Type: Terrestrial, Opportunistic Burrower

• Category: New World

• Native Range: California, USA & Baja California, Mexico

• Size: ~5" (12–13 cm) diagonal leg span

• Growth Rate: Very Slow

• Life Expectancy:

  • Females: Up to 25 years

  • Males: 6–8 years

• Experience Level: Beginner

Taxonomy & Research Update

This species was first described in 1875 by Ausserer under the name Eurypelma steindachneri and underwent multiple taxonomic revisions before being classified under the Aphonopelma genus by Smith in 1995. Here is a brief history of its name changes:

• Eurypelma steindachneri (Ausserer, 1875)

• Delopelma steindachneri (Petrunkevitch, 1939)

• Rhechostica steindachneri (Raven, 1985)

• Delopelma steindachneri (Smith, 1986)

• Aphonopelma steindachneri (Smith, 1995 – present)

The Aphonopelma genus name is derived from Greek:

• "Aphono" meaning “silent”

• "Pelma" meaning “sole” (as in the sole of a foot)
  This name reflects the stealthy, slow-moving nature of these tarantulas, which primarily rely on vibrations and chemotactile senses to detect prey and avoid predators.

What Makes Aphonopelma steindachneri So Special?

• Deep black or dark brown coloration (similar to Grammostola pulchra)

• Extremely slow growth rate (making it a long-term commitment)

• Highly reclusive behavior as juveniles, but more visible as adults

• Calm, docile temperament—ideal for beginners

Natural Habitat & Enclosure Considerations

Aphonopelma steindachneri is native to the hot, arid landscapes of California and northern Mexico. In the wild, they create deep burrows to escape extreme heat and temperature fluctuations. In captivity, they thrive in dry, well-ventilated enclosures with deep substrate for burrowing.

Housing & Substrate – Terrestrial Setup

Spiderlings

• Enclosure Size:
  Use a small acrylic enclosure (e.g., Sling Crib, 3" Tarantula Cube, Small Slider Crib, Small Cuboid, Terrestrial Sling Crib, Slider Crib Mini, or Cuboid Mini) that is no smaller than three times the tarantula’s leg span. We recommend enclosures by Tarantula Cribs for their proven quality and safety.

• Substrate:
  Fill at least 2/3rds of the enclosure with Terra Aranea by The Bio Dude.

• Humidity:
  Maintain a slightly damp substrate (but not swampy) by offering a small water dish or gently dripping water on one corner about once a week.

Juveniles

• Enclosure Size:
  Use a medium enclosure (e.g., Medium Slider Crib, 6" or 8" Tarantula Cube, or Medium Cuboid) that is at least 3–4× the tarantula’s leg span.

• Substrate:
  Fill the enclosure 1/2 to 2/3 full with Terra Aranea by The Bio Dude. This depth ensures ample space for burrowing while minimizing the risk of injury from falls.

• Humidity:
  Keep the substrate mostly dry with a full water dish; occasionally overflow one corner to create a slightly damp area.

• Additional Features:
  Provide a half cork bark round for a secure hide.

Adults

• Enclosure Size:
  Use a large enclosure (e.g., Large Slider Crib, 12" Cube Switch, 12" Cube, 18" Cube, or Terrestrial XL) that is at least 3× the tarantula’s leg span (ideally 4× for enhanced natural behavior, while considering escape risks). Enclosures by Tarantula Cribs are highly recommended.

• Substrate:
  Fill the enclosure 1/2 to 2/3 full with Terra Aranea by The Bio Dude to provide sufficient depth for burrowing while reducing the risk of falls.

• Additional Features:
  Include a secure hide (preferably a half cork bark round) and a shallow water dish. Ensure the enclosure is a horizontal rectangle (wider than it is deep) with secure ventilation and a tight, secure lid to prevent escapes.

Note:
The general rule of thumb for tarantula enclosures is that the enclosure should be no smaller than three times the tarantula’s leg span for spiderlings, 3–4× for juveniles, and 3–4× for adults. This ensures ample space for natural burrowing while minimizing fall risk. Remember, tarantulas are escape artists, so always verify that ventilation holes, lids, and gaps are too small for your tarantula to squeeze through. They can and will climb glass and other smooth surfaces.

Affiliate: Please use Tarantula Cribs (affiliate code TTC10) and Terra Aranea by The Bio Dude for substrate.

Temperature & Humidity

• Temperature: Maintain ambient temperatures between 68°F and 76°F (20°C to 24°C).

• Humidity: Aim for moderate humidity. Ensure that the substrate remains moist in the lower layers to support natural burrowing while allowing the top layers to dry between waterings to prevent mold growth.

Feeding Schedule

Spiderlings

• Frequency:
  Feed twice a week.

• Prey:
  Offer small prey such as flightless fruit flies, confused flour beetles, or pre-killed tiny crickets/roach nymphs. Remove any uneaten prey after 24 hours. increase the size of the prey as the spider grows. Prekill any prey that is over 2/3 the size of the sling. For more detailed information on feeding spiderlings, watch this video: How To Feed Spiderlings & Scorplings (Baby Tarantulas & Scorpions)

• Post-Molt:
  Wait 24–48 hours after a molt before feeding. Ensure that the tarantula’s fangs are solid black and its exoskeleton is not soft or shiny.

Juveniles

• Frequency:
  Feed every 7–10 days.

• Prey:
  Provide 2–3 small to medium crickets or a medium Dubia roach.

• Feeding Guidelines:

  • If the abdomen is thinner than the widest part of the carapace, feed more prey more often.

  • If the abdomen is wider than the carapace, feed less prey, less often.
    This strategy helps prevent obesity, which can lead to molting complications or increase the risk of an abdomen rupture from even a small fall.

• Post-Molt:
  Wait 3–7 days after a molt before feeding, ensuring that the tarantula’s fangs are solid black and its exoskeleton is fully hardened.

Adults

• Frequency:
  Feed every 2–3 weeks (or as needed).

• Prey:
  Offer 4–5 large crickets or one large Dubia roach.

• Feeding Guidelines:

  • If the abdomen is thinner than the carapace’s widest part, increase feeding frequency.

  • If the abdomen is wider than the carapace, reduce feeding frequency.
    This is crucial to avoid obesity, which can interfere with proper molting or cause dangerous issues such as an abdomen rupture.

• Post-Molt:
  Wait 5–10 days after a molt before feeding, ensuring that the tarantula’s fangs are solid black and its exoskeleton is fully hardened.

Behavior & Temperament

Aphonopelma steindachneri is slow-moving, docile, and non-aggressive. Juveniles are reclusive and burrow frequently, while adults spend more time out in the open. This species has urticating hairs, but it rarely kicks them.

Handling Notes:

• Handling is not recommended (like all tarantulas, falls can be fatal).

• If startled, they prefer to retreat to their burrow rather than bite.

Breeding Aphonopelma steindachneri in Captivity

Aphonopelma steindachneri, commonly known as Steindachner's Ebony Tarantula, is a species native to Southern California and northern Baja California. Recognized for its dark, ebony coloration, this tarantula inhabits regions characterized by arid and semi-arid climates. Breeding this species in captivity presents unique challenges due to its specific environmental requirements and behaviors.

Sexual Maturity & Pairing

• Male Maturity: Males typically reach maturity within 5–7 years, developing longer legs and bulbous pedipalps indicative of sexual maturity.

• Female Maturity: Females generally mature around 7–10 years, achieving a robust size suitable for reproduction.

• Pre-Pairing Preparation: We should ensure the female is well-fed before introducing the male to reduce the risk of cannibalism. Simulating seasonal environmental changes, such as adjusting temperature and humidity, may enhance receptiveness.

Mating Process

• Introduce the male into the female’s enclosure during the evening or nighttime when tarantulas are more active.

• The male will typically perform courtship behaviors, such as tapping or drumming, to signal his presence.

• If receptive, the female may respond similarly or remain still, allowing the male to approach and attempt copulation.

• After successful mating, promptly remove the male to prevent potential aggression from the female.

Egg Sac Production

• If fertilized, the female may produce an egg sac approximately 8–12 weeks after mating.

• Maintain temperatures around 75–80°F (24–27°C) with humidity levels between 60–70%, ensuring adequate ventilation to prevent mold growth.

• An egg sac can contain a substantial number of eggs, with reports indicating clutches ranging from 100 to 200 eggs.

Egg Sac Handling (Optional)

• Some breeders choose to remove the egg sac from the female after 30–40 days for artificial incubation.

• If left with the mother, spiderlings (slings) will typically emerge within 6–8 weeks and undergo their first molt to the second instar stage within 3–4 weeks thereafter.

Raising Spiderlings

• A. steindachneri spiderlings exhibit a slow growth rate and require stable humidity with proper ventilation.

• Provide enclosures with sufficient depth to accommodate their burrowing nature, along with proper hiding spots.

• Feed them appropriately sized prey, such as pinhead crickets or flightless fruit flies, every 5–7 days to support healthy development.

Challenges & Considerations

• Temperament: A. steindachneri is known for its generally docile nature, though individual temperaments can vary. Caution is advised during maintenance to prevent escapes or accidental injury.

• Humidity and Ventilation: Maintaining proper humidity levels is crucial, as spiderlings are particularly susceptible to desiccation. Ensure enclosures are well-ventilated to prevent mold growth.

• Slow Growth Rate: This species exhibits a notably slow growth rate, requiring patience from breeders and keepers alike.

With their striking ebony appearance and manageable care requirements, Aphonopelma steindachneri has become a species of interest among tarantula enthusiasts. Their slow growth rate and specific breeding requirements make captive breeding efforts essential to maintain sustainable populations in the hobby. By focusing on these efforts, we can reduce the need for wild-caught specimens, ensuring the sustainability of this remarkable species for future generations.

Final Thoughts

Aphonopelma steindachneri is a perfect pet tarantula for those who appreciate calm, slow-growing, and long-lived species. Its dark, velvet-like coloration, hardy nature, and docile temperament make it an excellent alternative to Grammostola pulchra for keepers who prefer New World species.

With proper husbandry, including a deep, well-draining substrate, a controlled feeding schedule, and adequate humidity, you’ll have a healthy and thriving tarantula for decades.

Additional Recommendations

For enclosures, check out Tarantula Cribs (use code TTC10 for 10% off). Use Terra Aranea by The Bio Dude for the best substrate.

For captive-bred Aphonopelma steindachneri, visit Microwilderness and use code TTC10 for 10% off your order.